Allergy Testing: Identify Your Allergens

Understanding Allergies and Testing

Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to normally harmless substances (allergens). Allergy testing identifies specific allergens triggering your symptoms. With proper identification, you can avoid triggers and implement effective treatment strategies to improve quality of life.

Types of Allergy Tests

1. Skin Prick Test

The most common allergy test. Small amounts of allergen extracts are introduced into the skin with tiny punctures. Results appear within 15-20 minutes. If you're allergic, a raised, itchy bump appears at the site. Can test for numerous allergens simultaneously.

2. Intradermal Test

Allergen solution is injected under the skin. More sensitive than skin prick tests but higher risk of severe reactions. Used when skin prick testing is inconclusive or for evaluating drug allergies and insect venom allergies.

3. Patch Test

Patches containing allergens are applied to skin and left for 24-72 hours. Used to detect contact dermatitis and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to substances like metals and cosmetics.

4. Blood Tests (IgE Testing)

Measures immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to specific allergens in blood. Useful when skin testing cannot be performed (severe skin conditions, inability to stop antihistamines) or for confirmation.

Common Allergens

• ✓ Environmental: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold spores
• ✓ Food: Peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, wheat, soy
• ✓ Medications: Penicillin and other antibiotics
• ✓ Insect Venom: Bee and wasp stings
• ✓ Contact: Latex, nickel, cosmetics, plants

Allergy Symptoms

• • Itching, sneezing, and nasal congestion
• • Itchy, watery, or swollen eyes
• • Rashes and itching skin conditions
• • Throat irritation and cough
• • Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps (food allergies)
• • Anaphylaxis (severe, life-threatening allergic reaction)

Preparing for Allergy Testing

• • Discontinue antihistamines 3-7 days before testing
• • Avoid certain decongestants and antidepressants if possible
• • Avoid applying lotions or moisturizers to test areas
• • Inform the allergist about all medications and supplements
• • Wear loose clothing for easy access to arm or back

Managing Allergies After Testing

Once allergens are identified, management strategies include allergen avoidance, medications (antihistamines, decongestants, nasal sprays), immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets), and emergency epinephrine for severe allergies.