Complete Blood Count (CBC): Everything You Need to Know

What is a Complete Blood Count (CBC)?

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most common blood tests performed in clinical practice. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the three main types of blood cells: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. This test helps detect various medical conditions ranging from infections to anemia and leukemia.

Components of a CBC Test

1. Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

Measures the number of red blood cells in a microliter of blood. RBCs carry oxygen throughout the body. Low RBC counts may indicate anemia, while high counts can suggest dehydration or certain blood disorders.

2. Hemoglobin (Hgb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Low hemoglobin levels indicate anemia, while high levels can suggest dehydration or chronic hypoxia conditions.

3. Hematocrit (Hct)

The percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells. It helps assess oxygen-carrying capacity and is useful in diagnosing anemia or polycythemia.

4. White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Measures infection-fighting cells. Elevated WBC counts often indicate infection, leukemia, or inflammatory conditions, while low counts may suggest immune system disorders.

5. Platelet Count

Platelets are essential for blood clotting. Low platelet counts increase bleeding risk, while high counts may indicate inflammation or certain blood disorders.

Why is CBC Important?

• ✓ Routine Screening: Part of regular health checkups
• ✓ Disease Detection: Identifies infections, anemia, and blood disorders
• ✓ Treatment Monitoring: Tracks effectiveness of medications or chemotherapy
• ✓ Pre-surgery Assessment: Ensures blood health before operations
• ✓ Symptom Investigation: Explains fatigue, weakness, or frequent infections

Preparation and Procedure

CBC is a simple blood test requiring only a small blood sample, typically from a vein in your arm. No special preparation is required, though fasting is not necessary. The blood is collected into a tube and analyzed by automated laboratory equipment. Results are typically available within 24 hours.

Normal Ranges

Normal ranges vary by age, sex, and individual health factors. Your healthcare provider will interpret results based on your specific situation. Generally:

• • RBC: 4.5-5.9 million cells/mcL (males), 4.1-5.1 million cells/mcL (females)
• • Hemoglobin: 13.5-17.5 g/dL (males), 12.0-15.5 g/dL (females)
• • WBC: 4,500-11,000 cells/mcL
• • Platelets: 150,000-400,000/mcL

When Should You Get a CBC?

CBC is recommended during routine health exams, when evaluating symptoms like fatigue or fever, before surgery, and when monitoring chronic conditions or medication side effects.

Understanding Your Results

Our experienced laboratory professionals provide detailed reports with reference ranges and interpretations. Your physician will discuss results and recommend any necessary follow-up tests or treatments based on your individual health profile.